Which statement correctly defines encapsulation in programming?

Encapsulation is a fundamental concept in programming, particularly in object-oriented programming (OOP), which involves bundling the data (attributes) and methods (functions) that operate on that data into a single unit, typically a class. The primary purpose of encapsulation is to restrict direct access to some of an object's components, which is achieved by hiding the implementation details of a class. This means that the internal workings of a class are concealed from the outside world, allowing users to interact with the class through a defined interface of public methods while preventing unauthorized access to its internal state.

By hiding implementation details, encapsulation also enhances code modularity and maintainability. If the internal workings of an object need to change, those changes can often be made without affecting code that relies on the public interface, thus reducing the potential for errors and making the code more robust and easier to understand.

The other options include concepts related to object-oriented programming but do not accurately describe encapsulation. The method for implementing inheritance refers to how one class can derive characteristics from another, which is not the focus of encapsulation. Exposing all class methods to the public contradicts the principle of encapsulation, as it would mean making all aspects of a class accessible. Lastly, allowing multiple