Which type of inheritance involves multiple subclasses inheriting from one superclass?

The option describing a situation where multiple subclasses inherit from one superclass is hierarchical inheritance. This structure allows several subclasses to derive from a single parent class, creating a tree-like structure of inheritance. Each subclass can have its own attributes and methods specific to it while also inheriting the common functionalities defined in the superclass.

This type of inheritance promotes code reusability and organization since the shared characteristics and behaviors are centralized in the superclass, allowing subclasses to extend or override these features as necessary. Hierarchical inheritance efficiently categorizes related subclasses under a common parent, facilitating a clear understanding of the relationships and hierarchies within the code architecture.

In contrast, other types of inheritance describe different relationships. Single inheritance involves only one subclass deriving from one superclass, multilevel inheritance entails a chain of inheritance with multiple levels (where a subclass can act as a superclass for another subclass), and multiple inheritance includes a single subclass inheriting from multiple superclasses, which can lead to complexities like the diamond problem. Each type caters to specific design needs within object-oriented programming.